Behavioural models of OCD

Behavioural theories of OCD stem from Mowrer’s (1960) two-factor theory of the development of anxiety, which involves both classical and operant conditioning. Obsessions are previously neutral stimuli which have become associated with anxiety. The individual then develops avoidance and escape responses, such as washing or checking, that terminate exposure to the feared stimulus. The behaviours are negatively reinforced, which makes them more likely to occur and termination of exposure prevents the anxiety from extinguishing (Rachman, 1971).